DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS' INTELLECTUAL THINKING THROUGH TEACHING PHILOSOPHICAL DISCIPLINES

Abstract

The article analyzes the importance of philosophical disciplines in the system of higher education and their role in the development of students' intelligence. It is emphasized that philosophy, being the basis of humanitarian knowledge contributes to the formation of critical and analytical thinking, the development of the ability to logical argumentation and independent judgment. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is considered, including the concepts of L.S. Vygotsky on the socio-cultural nature of intelligence, the ideas of J. Piaget on the stages of cognitive development as well as the views of K. Jaspers and M. Heidegger on philosophy as a practice of “studying thinking” and posing the ultimate questions of human existence. Particular attention is paid to the pedagogical conditions of teaching philosophical disciplines which allow for the most effective disclosure of their potential in the intellectual development of students: problem-oriented learning, interactive discussions, work with philosophical primary sources, the use of multimedia and digital technologies. It is noted that philosophy performs an interdisciplinary function, combining humanitarian, natural scientific and social knowledge, thereby developing flexibility of thinking, the ability to reflect and perform interdisciplinary analysis. The article substantiates the thesis that teaching philosophical disciplines is not only an important component of the educational process, but also one of the key factors in the formation of the intellectual maturity of the individual. It is concluded that philosophy in the higher education system should be considered not as an auxiliary course, but as a strategic tool for the formation of critical, creative and socially responsible intelligence which is in demand in the conditions of modern society and global challenges.